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Textile Glossary
Cutting through the jargon
This glossary is a resource aimed at helping share and simplify both generic and industry specific information, expertise and knowledge. This service is provided as a committment to visitors to our site and the industry as whole. Although we aim to ensure that all the content is correct, please bear in mind that some areas of the industry move fast and terminology and its application can change.
Jacquard
A fabric with a complicated pattern woven or knit into it as part of its structure. For wovens, a jacquard loom is used which controls each warp yarn separately, raising or lowering it as needed during weaving to create the design. For knits a jacquard knitting machine creates the design by controlling whether individual needles knit, tuck, or miss.
Jacquard (warp knitting)
A term generally applied to a warp-knitting machine with a string-type jacquard placed above to ,control pins placed between specially shaped guides mounted in a normal guide bar. The pins when, raised do not affect the guides but when in a low position deflect individual guides in the guide bar to extend or reduce by one needle space the movement by the pattern chain or pattern wheel. A fall plate .nay or may not be used. The term is also applied to a machine in which a string jacquard raises individual guides in a guide bar so reducing the lapping movement of these individual guides compared to that applied to the guide bar by the pattern chain or wheel.
Jaquard mechanism (weaving)
A shedding mechanism, attached to a loom, that gives individual control of up to several hundred warp threads and thus enables large figured designs to be produced. (named after the inventor, joseph marie jacquard, 1752-1834).
Jersey
1. Single knit fabric with an intermeshing of stitches in the same direction on the face and a series of semicircular loops on the back. Thus the 2 sides appear different. 2. A general term referring to any knit fabric without a distinct rib.
Jet-dyeing machine
(1) a machine for dyeing fabric in rope form in which the fabric is carried through a narrow throat by dye-liquor circulated at a high velocity., (2) a machine for dyeing garments in which the garments are circulated by jets of liquid rather by mechanical means.
Joshua Briggs
Founder of Joshua Briggs and Sons in 1878. Manufacturer of wool cloths for school blazers, university scarves and caps. Taken over by Hainsworth in 2006.
Jute
The fibre obtained from the bast layer of the plants corchorus capsularis and corchorus olitorius., note 1:commercially, jute is divided into two main classes, white jute generally being associated with corchorus capsularis, and dark jute with corchorus olitorius., note 2:each of the above-noted classes is further sub-divided into numerous grades denoting quality and other characteristics.
Jute-spun
Descriptive of staple yarn that has been prepared and spun on machinery originally designed for spinning yarns from jute.
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